feebsd-update fetch
freebsd-update install
reboot
update ports
portsnap fetch
portsnap extract
portsnap fetch update
Install Mysql
cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql57-server
make install WITH_CHARSET=utf8 WITH_XCHARSET=all WITH_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci BUILD_OPTIMIZED=yes BUILD_STATIC=yes WITH_NDB=yes clean
Install Apache + Php
cd /usr/ports/www/apache24
make install clean
cd /usr/ports/lang/php56
make config
add
[X] MAILHEAD Enable mail header patch
make install clean
cd /usr/ports/lang/php56-extensions
make install clean
add
[X] FTP FTP support
[X] GD GD library support
[X] IMAP IMAP support
[X] MBSTRING multibyte string support
[X] MCRYPT Encryption support
[X] MYSQL MySQL database support
[X] MYSQLI MySQLi database support
[X] ZIP ZIP support
[X] ZLIB ZLIB support
cd /usr/ports/www/mod_php56
make config
add
[X] MAILHEAD Enable mail header patch
make install clean
cp -rp /usr/local/etc/php.ini-production /usr/local/etc/php.ini
vi /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf
ServerName www.jason-tang.com
change
DirectoryIndex index.html
to
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
Install Named
cd /usr/ports/dns/bind910
make install clean
vi /usr/local/etc/namedb/named.conf
change
listen-on { 127.0.0.1; };
to
// listen-on { 127.0.0.1; };
vi /etc/resolv.conf
change to
nameserver 127.0.0.1
nameserver 8.8.8.8
vi /etc/rc.conf
syslogd_enable="YES"
syslogd_flags="-ss"
mysql_enable="YES"
apache24_enable="YES"
named_enable="YES"
reboot
cat /root/.mysql_secret
mysql -u root -p
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'test';
exit
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server restart
Install Cyrus-sasl
cd /usr/ports/security/cyrus-sasl2
make install clean
vi /usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf
pwcheck_method:authdaemond
log_level:3
mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN
authdaemond_path:/var/run/authdaemond/socket
Install cyrus-sasl2-saslauthd
cd /usr/ports/security/cyrus-sasl2-saslauthd
make install clean
vi /etc/rc.conf
saslauthd_enable="YES"
Install Postfix
cd /usr/ports/mail/postfix
make install clean
add
[X] MYSQL MySQL database support
[X] SASL Cyrus SASL support (Dovecot SASL is always built in)
Installing postfix-3.1.4,1...
===> Creating groups.
Using existing group 'mail'.
Creating group 'maildrop' with gid '126'.
Creating group 'postfix' with gid '125'.
===> Creating users
Creating user 'postfix' with uid '125'.
Adding user 'postfix' to group 'mail'.
Would you like to activate Postfix in /usr/local/etc/mail/mailer.conf [n]?n
echo 'postfix: root' >> /etc/aliases
/usr/local/bin/newaliases
chown postfix:postfix /etc/opiekeys
pw groupadd vmail -g 500
pw useradd vmail -u 500 -g 500 -s /sbin/nologin -d /dev/null
mkdir /home/domains
chown -R vmail:vmail /home/domains
chmod -R ug+rwx,o-rwx /home/domains
mkdir /usr/local/etc/postfix/TLS
cd /usr/local/etc/postfix/TLS
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out smtpd.pem -keyout smtpd.pem -days 7300
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Hong Kong
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Hong Kong
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Jason Tang Ltd
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:Jason Tang
Email Address []: [email protected]
vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
myhostname = mail.jason-tang.com
mydomain = jason-tang.com
myorigin = $mydomain
mydestination = $myhostname localhost localhost.$mydomain
mynetworks = 127.0.0.1/32
inet_interfaces = all
virtual_mailbox_base = /home/domains/
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_uid_maps = static:500
virtual_gid_maps = static:500
virtual_transport = maildrop
maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
message_size_limit = 51200000
virtual_mailbox_limit = 209715200
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $mydomain
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd
smtpd_banner=$myhostname ESMTP $mail_name ($mail_version)
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_key_file = /usr/local/etc/postfix/TLS/smtpd.pem
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /usr/local/etc/postfix/TLS/smtpd.pem
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /usr/local/etc/postfix/TLS/smtpd.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
mime_header_checks = regexp:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks.regexp
vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = alias
select_field = goto
where_field = address
additional_conditions = AND active = '1'
vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = domain
select_field = description
where_field = domain
additional_conditions = AND active = '1'
vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = maildir
where_field = username
additional_conditions = AND active = '1'
vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/mime_header_checks.regexp
/filename=\"?(.*)\.(bat|cmd|com|pif|exe)\"?$/ REJECT
vi /etc/rc.conf
postfix_enable="YES"
Install Sudo
cd /usr/ports/security/sudo
make install clean
vi /usr/local/etc/sudoers
www ALL=(vmail) NOPASSWD: /usr/local/bin/postfixadmin-mailbox-postcreation.sh, /usr/local/bin/postfixadmin-mailbox-postdeletion.sh, /usr/local/bin/postfixadmin-domain-postdeletion.sh
Install Postfixadmin
cd /usr/ports/mail/postfixadmin
make install clean
add
[X] MYSQL MySQL database support
1. Copy *.sh Files
cp -rp /usr/local/share/postfixadmin/ADDITIONS/postfixadmin*.sh /usr/local/bin
chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/postfixadmin*.sh
vi /usr/local/bin/postfixadmin-mailbox-postcreation.sh
change
basedir=/var/spool/maildirs
to
basedir=/home/domains
change
maildirmake "$maildir"
to
/usr/local/bin/maildirmake "$maildir"
vi /usr/local/bin/postfixadmin-mailbox-postdeletion.sh
change
basedir=/var/spool/maildirs
trashbase=/var/spool/deleted-maildirs
to
basedir=/home/domains
trashbase=/home/domains
vi /usr/local/bin/postfixadmin-domain-postdeletion.sh
change
basedir=/var/spool/maildirs
trashbase=/var/spool/deleted-maildirs
to
basedir=/home/domains
trashbase=/home/domains
2. Create the MySQL Database
mysql -u root -p
test
CREATE DATABASE postfix;
GRANT ALL ON postfix.* TO [email protected] IDENTIFIED BY "postfix";
exit
3. Configure PostfixAdmin
vi /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/config.inc.php
$CONF['configured'] = true;
$CONF['database_type'] = 'mysqli';
$CONF['database_password'] = 'postfix';
$CONF['admin_email'] = '[email protected]';
$CONF['aliases'] = '0';
$CONF['mailboxes'] = '0';
$CONF['maxquota'] = '0';
$CONF['domain_quota_default'] = '0';
$CONF['domain_quota'] = 'NO';
$CONF['vacation'] = 'YES';
$CONF['vacation_domain'] = 'autoreply.jason-tang.com';
$CONF['footer_text'] = 'Return to mail.jason-tang.com PostfixAdmin';
$CONF['footer_link'] = 'http://mail.jason-tang.com/postfixadmin';
$CONF['mailbox_postcreation_script']='/usr/local/bin/sudo -u vmail /usr/local/bin/postfixadmin-mailbox-postcreation.sh';
// $CONF['mailbox_postedit_script'] = '';
$CONF['mailbox_postdeletion_script']='/usr/local/bin/sudo -u vmail /usr/local/bin/postfixadmin-mailbox-postdeletion.sh';
// $CONF['domain_postcreation_script'] = '';
$CONF['domain_postdeletion_script']='/usr/local/bin/sudo -u vmail /usr/local/bin/postfixadmin-domain-postdeletion.sh';
$CONF['new_quota_table'] = 'NO';
4. Configure Apache
vi /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf
Alias /postfixadmin "/usr/local/www/postfixadmin/"
<Directory "/usr/local/www/postfixadmin">
Options Indexes
AllowOverride ALL
Require all granted
</Directory>
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache24 restart
5.http://IP/postfixadmin/setup.php
You should see a list of 'OK' messages.
Change setup password
Setup password <-------- Input your Setup Password
Setup password (again) <-------- Input your Setup Password again
And then click "Generate password hash"
If you want to use the password you entered as setup password, edit config.inc.php or config.local.php and set
$CONF['setup_password'] = '8c487e1722baa627e55712178141b21b:518761bc455e27d52eb1ed0faffecb8aeea2c90e';
vi /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/config.inc.php
$CONF['setup_password'] = '8c487e1722baa627e55712178141b21b:518761bc455e27d52eb1ed0faffecb8aeea2c90e';
You should see a list of 'OK' messages.
Create superadmin account
Setup password <-------- Input your Setup password
Admin: <-------- Input your Email address(Just for postfixadmin)
Password: <-------- Input your Password
Password (again): <-------- Input your Password again
And then click "Add Admin"
The admin [email protected] has been added!
You are done with your basic setup.
You can now login to PostfixAdmin using the account you just created.
mv /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/setup.php /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/setup.php.disabled
chmod 000 /usr/local/www/postfixadmin/setup.php.disabled
Install Courier-imap
cd /usr/ports/mail/courier-imap
make install clean
add
[X] AUTH_MYSQL MySQL support
chmod +x /var/run/authdaemond
vi /usr/local/etc/authlib/authdaemonrc
authmodulelist="authmysql"
authmodulelistorig="authmysql"
vi /usr/local/etc/authlib/authmysqlrc
MYSQL_SERVER localhost
MYSQL_USERNAME postfix
MYSQL_PASSWORD postfix
MYSQL_SOCKET /tmp/mysql.sock
MYSQL_DATABASE postfix
MYSQL_USER_TABLE mailbox
MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD password
MYSQL_UID_FIELD '500'
MYSQL_GID_FIELD '500'
MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD username
MYSQL_HOME_FIELD concat('/home/domains/',maildir)
MYSQL_NAME_FIELD name
MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD concat('/home/domains/',maildir)
MYSQL_QUOTA_FIELD concat(quota,'S')
MYSQL_WHERE_CLAUSE active='1'
cp -rp /usr/local/etc/courier-imap/pop3d.cnf.dist /usr/local/etc/courier-imap/pop3d.cnf
/usr/local/share/courier-imap/mkpop3dcert
cp -rp /usr/local/etc/courier-imap/imapd.cnf.dist /usr/local/etc/courier-imap/imapd.cnf
/usr/local/share/courier-imap/mkimapdcert
/usr/local/share/courier-imap/mkdhparams
vi /usr/local/etc/courier-imap/pop3d-ssl
TLS_CIPHER_LIST="SSLv3:TLSv1:HIGH:!LOW:!MEDIUM:!EXP:!NULL:!aNULL@..."
vi /usr/local/etc/courier-imap/imapd-ssl
TLS_CIPHER_LIST="SSLv3:TLSv1:HIGH:!LOW:!MEDIUM:!EXP:!NULL:!aNULL@..."
vi /etc/rc.conf
courier_authdaemond_enable="YES"
courier_imap_pop3d_enable="YES"
courier_imap_pop3d_ssl_enable="YES"
courier_imap_imapd_enable="YES"
courier_imap_imapd_ssl_enable="YES"
Install Maildrop
cd /usr/ports/mail/maildrop
make WITH_AUTHLIB=yes install clean
[X] AUTH_MYSQL MySQL support
vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
Install Squirrelmail
cd /usr/ports/mail/squirrelmail
make install clean
#for multiple language support
cd /usr/ports/mail/squirrelmail-translations
make install clean
#for multiple language support
chown -R www:www /usr/local/www/squirrelmail
/usr/local/www/squirrelmail/configure
10->1->zh_TW->2->utf-8->S->Q
vi /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf
Alias /webmail "/usr/local/www/squirrelmail/"
<Directory "/usr/local/www/squirrelmail">
Options Indexes
AllowOverride ALL
Require all granted
</Directory>
cd /usr/local/www/squirrelmail/config
cp config_default.php config.php
reboot
Test:
http://IP/postfixadmin
http://IP/webmail
Install clamav
cd /usr/ports/security/clamav
make install clean
[X] MILTER Compile the milter interface
vi /usr/local/etc/clamav-milter.conf
AddHeader Yes
vi /etc/rc.conf
clamav_clamd_enable="YES"
clamav_freshclam_enable="YES"
clamav_milter_enable="YES"
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/clamav-clamd restart
/usr/local/bin/freshclam
Install SpamAssassin
cd /usr/ports/security/p5-IO-Socket-SSL
make config
Add
[X] IDN International Domain Names support
OK
make install clean
cd /usr/ports/mail/spamassassin
make install clean
/usr/local/bin/sa-update
vi /usr/local/etc/mail/spamassassin/local.cf
rewrite_header Subject *****SPAM*****
report_safe 1
required_score 5.0
use_bayes 1
bayes_auto_learn 1
vi /etc/rc.conf
spamd_enable="YES"
spamd_flags="-u spamd -H /var/spool/spamd"
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/sa-spamd restart
chown -R spamd:spamd /root/.spamassassin
cd /usr/ports/mail/spamass-milter
make install clean
vi /usr/local/etc/rc.d/spamass-milter
change
: ${spamass_milter_socket_mode="644"}
to
: ${spamass_milter_socket_mode="777"}
vi /etc/rc.conf
spamass_milter_enable="YES"
vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
milter_connect_macros = b j _ {daemon_name} {if_name} {if_addr}
smtpd_milters =
unix:/var/run/clamav/clmilter.sock
unix:/var/run/spamass-milter.sock
milter_default_action = accept
Install Virtual Vacation
1. Create a local account
pw groupadd vacation -g 501
pw useradd vacation -u 501 -g 501 -s /sbin/nologin -d /nonexistent -c "Virtual Vacation"
2. Install vacation.pl
mkdir /var/spool/vacation
cp -rp /usr/local/share/postfixadmin/VIRTUAL_VACATION/vacation.pl /var/spool/vacation/vacation.pl
#had to download vacation.pl from https://github.com/postfixadmin/postfixadmin/blob/master/VIRTUAL_VACATION/vacation.pl
chown -R root:vacation /var/spool/vacation
chmod -R 750 /var/spool/vacation
3. Setup the transport type
vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf
vacation unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Rq user=vacation argv=/var/spool/vacation/vacation.pl -f ${sender} -- ${recipient}
4. Setup the transport maps file
vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
transport_maps = hash:/usr/local/etc/postfix/transport
vi /usr/local//etc/postfix/transport
autoreply.jason-tang.com vacation
/usr/local/sbin/postmap /usr/local/etc/postfix/transport
5. Configure vacation.pl
vi /var/spool/vacation/vacation.pl
change
#!/usr/bin/perl -X
to
#!/usr/local/bin/perl -X
our $db_type = 'mysql';
our $db_username = 'postfix';
our $db_password = 'postfix';
our $db_name = 'postfix';
our $vacation_domain = 'autoreply.jason-tang.com';
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/postfix reload
perl -MCPAN -e 'install DBI'
cd /usr/ports/databases/p5-DBD-mysql/
make install clean
reboot
ref: http://www.jason-tang.com/index.php/system/15-bsd/88-install-postfix-on-freebsd-11-0-minimal-ports-src-sshd-enable-disable-sendmail
Telnet into the smtp server (postfix)
# telnet localhost 25
The server should reply with:
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mytestmail.com ESMTP Postfix
Great. Postfix is listening and wants us to speak SMTP:
ehlo example.com
Postfix appreciates the EHLO and tells us which features it provides:
250-my-new-mailserver
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
Hey, Postfix, we have a mail from [email protected]:
mail from:<[email protected]>
Looks like Postfix is happy with that because return codes that start with a '2' are good news:
250 2.1.0 Ok
Tell Postfix who the recipient of the mail is:
rcpt to:<[email protected]>
Postfix accepts that:
250 2.1.5 Ok
Then we are ready to send the actual mail:
data
Postfix agrees and tells us we can send the actual mail now and end our input with a dot on an empty line:
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
Okay, type in the mail:
Hi John,
just wanted to drop you a note.
.
Postfix tells us it has received the mail and queued under a queue ID:
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as AK782JKD4
Thanks, Postfix, we are done:
quit
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/ezjail
# make install clean
create a base jail
# ezjail-admin install -sp
update the basejail with freebsd-update
# ezjail-admin update -u
update the base jail's ports tree
# ezjail-admin update -P
rc.conf entry ensures our jail will be started at boot and gets the IP it needs.
# ifconfig em0 alias 192.168.1.13 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255
# echo 'ifconfig_em0_alias0="inet 192.168.1.13 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255"' >> /etc/rc.conf
# echo 'ezjail_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
Create the jail
# ezjail-admin create myjail.com 192.168.1.13
# cp /etc/resolv.conf /usr/jails/myjail.com/etc/
# service ezjail start
to see running jail
# jls
to get console access to the jail
# ezjail-admin console myjail.com
to stop a jail
# ezjail-admin stop myjail.com
to archive for you to copy a jail
# ezjail-admin archive myjail.com
The archived file should appear in /usr/jails/ezjail_archives. you can then duplicate it as many times as you want. If you install ports, don't bother copying the jail to another machine, there will be missing libraries...
# ezjail-admin create -a /usr/jails/ezjail_archives/myjail.com.tar.gz myjail.com 192.168.1.13
# ezjail-admin start myjail.com
if you are getting this error "warning: smtputf8_enable is true, but EAI support is not compiled in" on freebsd 9.3 (maybe freebsd 10) it's a bug in the port config. EASY way to fix it (well best way to fix it) is to compile postfix with EAI support.
# cd /usr/ports/mail/postfix-current/
# make config
Make sure you select EAI from the list
# make install clean
or
# make reinstall clean
The Apache module is no longer inside ports/lang/php5. there is no option to build php with apache.
The fix:
use www/mod_php5 to get apache to run php
Also note that
The Apache PHP module has been separated from the main PHP port. If you had the APACHE OPTION selected, you have to perform the following steps:
1) update your lang/php* options (i.e. 'make config')
2) rebuild lang/php* port
3) install www/mod_php* port
It is mandatory to build both ports with the same DEBUG and ZTS options, so if you have a threaded Apache (i.e. worker or event MPM) you have to select the ZTS option in lang/php* port.
if you have this error
===> mod_php55-5.5.17_1 is marked as broken: : Error from bsd.apache.mk. apache22 is installed (or APACHE_PORT is defined) and port requires apache.
*** [install] Error code 1
then make sure you add this line to /etc/make.conf
DEFAULT_VERSIONS=apache=2.2
If a picture is worth a thousand words, a moving picture adds to that figure exponentially. As a dynamic and immediate marketing tool, video is the next best thing to greeting potential customers face-to-face. Plus, not only can videos help deliver traffic from search engines like Google, but video thumbnails tend to catch the eye in search results better than linked text.
But if a slick, professionally produced clip isn’t within your budget, that’s ok – today’s affordable web and phone cams make it inexpensive to create do-it-yourself videos that look and sound clean enough to get your message across in a professional way.
Online video powerhouse YouTube is the world’s second-largest search engine, reaching 4 billion views per day in January. And as a free service, you don’t need budget to upload videos. That means, all you need to start connecting with your audience is a camera, a story and a plan.
Don’t know where to start? Here are five tips for messaging and presentation of your video:
Tip 1 – |
Make it unique: Because the chances are there are already countless videos out there related to your field, it’s important to make your message as unique as possible. Offer hard-to-find information that satisfies a real customer need. Don’t discuss what you want to. Focus on what they want to learn about. |
Tip 2 – |
Make it friendly: Keep your tone light and conversational. Try to make a personal connection. Present a real-life situation, and address it with a demo of your product. Entertain if you can. |
Tip 3 – |
Make it quick: Bear in mind the attention span of the viewer. Deliver the message as succinctly as possible – 5 minutes or less for best results. For in-depth or supplemental info, link to a blog post. (You have a blog, right? No? No worries – you can easily start one with the free WordPress blog capability we include in our discounted hosting packages.) |
Tip 4 – |
Make a deal: Share a video coupon, a special code for a discount or deal for those who watch the video to its end. |
Tip 5 – |
Make it viral: Upload it to YouTube; post it on Twitter and Facebook. Do whatever you can to make it spread. Craft your message with this in mind: Be funny, be poignant, be memorable. |
For other tips, see our blog – http://blog.domainpeople.com/
Freebsd has an issue with eAccelerator right now where when you try to start it it gives you an error "eAccelerator: shmmax should be at least 2MBPHP Warning"
To fix this we're going to remove eAccelerator then reinstall it:
# cd /usr/ports/www/eaccelerator
# make deinstall
# vi MakeFile
The "CONFIGURE_ARGS=" line needs to be changed so it looks like this
CONFIGURE_ARGS= --with-eaccelerator-shared-memory \
--with-eaccelerator-userid=80 \
--without-eaccelerator-use-inode
save the file and exit
then
# make install clean
restart apache
Think of the websites you visit the most — chances are they are clean, professional, and easy to navigate. This is no coincidence: the human mind takes just a millisecond to make a definitive decision as to a site's credibility, and this initial judgment is based entirely on aesthetics which means a good web design is critical for retaining visitors.
This month we consulted with Netfirms's very own Director of Web and UI, he shared with us the best tips and tricks for designing the most visually appealing website:
1) Plan Your Site
: Before turning on your computer, consider the layout, page structure and how users will move from one page to another (navigation). Then, sketch out your site on paper.
2) Understand Your Audience
: Knowing your audience will help set the tone for your content and layout, as you identify what visitors will be looking for on your site. It's also important to consider popular web browsers and your visitor's screen resolution size so that they see your site the way you intended; you can find this data in most site analytics tools. If you're not sure how wide to make your site, 960px is a great place to start.
3) Allow for Easy Navigation
: Since people often read from left to right and top to bottom, the upper left-hand corner of your site is the first place your visitors will look. Place your navigation buttons here and keep them consistent, along with font and color choices, for easy reading and fluid movement from page to page.
4) Choose a Color Scheme
: If you're designing your site around an image, try uploading it to a color palette tool, like
DeGraeve.com
's, for example, for complementary color suggestions. Be sure to remain consistent with your design patterns, and stick to no more than three font types and colors.
5) Use High Quality Photos
: In order to give your site a more professional appearance, all images should be clear, focused, and of high resolution. An alternative to taking your own photos is buying them from
istockphoto.com
; at about five-dollars an image it's an inexpensive way to visually take your website to the next level.
6) Test Your Site, Then Test Again
: When you've created or redesigned your site, ask friends and family to test it for you. They may find things you've missed, or point out areas of confusion.
When paired with quality content, executing these tips appropriately will help retain first-time visitors and transform them into yourdomain.com regulars.
Thanks for netfirms for the great tips
I came across an issue with Apache 2.2 on freebsd 8.2 where munin wasn't graphing the Apache data. (apache_accesses, apache_processes and apache_volume )
When I tailed the munin error log I found this error.
tail /var/log/munin/munin-node.log
munin UserAgent not found at apache_volume line 86.
With some researching on google I found this nice munin command to tell me more about how to setup munin. IE what we can install on freebsd.
/usr/local/sbin/munin-node-configure --suggest
The output gave us "LWP::UserAgent not found". which means, install Perl's libwww.
To fix this error we install p5-libwww
cd /usr/ports/www/p5-libwww/
make install clean
Restart munin and everything should now work.
# ./usr/local/etc/rc.d/munin-node restart
ref: http://articles.slicehost.com/2010/4/9/enabling-munin-node-plug-ins-on-ubuntu
Here is an example of how an SQL injection that was found, monitored, and fixed!
When dealing with a large website with legacy code sometimes it's not possible to check every query after one starts.
One day while reviewing a new clients slow quries via MySQL. I started to notice these types of quries showing up.
# [email protected]: test_db[test_db] @ db.domain.com [12.13.14.15]
# Query_time: 0 Lock_time: 0 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 48648
select * from serv_main where id = 71261 and 3=8 union select 1,2,3,concat(0x232425,ifnull(`idClient`,0x4E554C4C),char(9),ifnull(`username`,0x4E554C4C),char(9),ifnull(`pass`,0x4E554C4C),char(9),0x252423),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 from `test_db`.`private` where idClient>2119021 limit 16215,1 --;
# [email protected]: test_db[test_db] @ db.domain.com [12.13.14.15]
# Query_time: 1 Lock_time: 0 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 48654
select * from serv_main where id = 71261 and 3=8 union select 1,2,3,concat(0x232425,ifnull(`idClient`,0x4E554C4C),char(9),ifnull(`username`,0x4E554C4C),char(9),ifnull(`pass`,0x4E554C4C),char(9),0x252423),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 from `test_db`.`private` where idClient>2119021 limit 16217,1 --;
Knowing the table serv_main I knew the developer that wrote that code did not use a UNION.
After a few moments of thinking what was going on I tailed Apaches access log and confirmed what I thought.
120.2.194.136 - - [1/Jan/2010:10:08:40 -0500] "GET /viewAd.php?id=71261%20and%203%3D8%20union%20select%201,2,3,concat%280x232425,ifnull%28%60idClient%60,0x4E554C4C%29,char%289%29,ifnull%28%60username%60,0x4E554C4C%29,char%289%29,ifnull%28%60pass%60,0x4E554C4C%29,char%289%29,0x252423%29,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16%20from%20%60test_db%60.%60private%60%20where%20idClient%3E2119021%20limit%2034642,1%20-- HTTP/1.1" 200 1093 "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.7) Gecko/20091221 Firefox/3.5.7 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)"
It was an SQL Injection attack. so I did the next logical step (to me at least). Block the offender.
I did this by adding his IP to the .htaccess file along with a bigger subnet block.
Order allow,deny
deny from 120.2.194.136
deny from 120.2.194.
allow from all
Now that the Injections had stopped, the next step was to figure out where it was done, how it was done, and how to fix it.
WHERE was it done)
That was easy to find, it's right there in the access log viewAd.php
How was it done)
$sql = "select * from serv_main where id = " . $_GET['id'];
$result = mysql_query($sql);
Fix)
That was the easy part, and the hard part.
The EASY part was just to just use mysql_real_escape_string.
we have 2 quick options here.
Option 1.
$_GET['id'] = (int) $_GET['id']; //cat whatever is passed into id as an integer.
Option 2.
$sql = "select * from serv_main where id = " . mysql_real_escape_string($_GET['id']); //escape user input
$result = mysql_query($sql);
The HARD part, fix the whole site...
Not having time to check 1000's of quries, here was what I did in a 30 mintue span.
1) include a function somewhere in a global include that can clean all input (or cast all input)
a good place was in our db_include.php file.
function sanitize_user_input(&$input) {
$int_keys = array ('id', 'item', 'item_id' );
foreach ( $int_keys as $key ) {
if ( isset($input[$key]) ) {
if ( !empty($input[$key]) && !is_numeric($input[$key]) )
$input[$key] = (int) $input[$key];
}
}
}
if (isset($_GET)) sanitize_user_input($_GET);
The hard part was easier than I thought.
But the truly hard part started, going though the 1000's of queries to fix them.
Some interesting points and notes.
#http://www.asciitable.com/
# 0x232425 = #$%
# 0x252423 = %$#
# 0x4E554C4C = NULL
# 0x4E554C4C = NULL
# CHAR(9) = Tab
# CHAR(10) = Line feed
# CHAR(13) = Carriage return
select concat(0x232425,
ifnull(`idClient`,0x4E554C4C),
char(9),
ifnull(`username`,0x4E554C4C),
char(9),
ifnull(`pass`,0x4E554C4C),
char(9),
0x252423)